Uncategorized

Como se estudian las enfermedades alergicas.

Publicado en por admin

Estudio del paciente

alérgico

¿En quién se debe hacer un estudio de alergia?

Las personas que tienen síntomas de asma (o
bronquitis o broncoespasmo), rinitis, conjuntivitis,
dermatitis atópica, urticaria, edema o inflamación,
dermatitis de contacto, síntomas digestivos de dolor,
vómitos o diarrea más o menos intensa, reacciones
con alimentos, medicamentos o con picaduras pueden
tener alergia. No todas las personas con esos
síntomas tienen alergia, pues puede haber otras
causas.
Hay más sospecha si los síntomas son prolongados, o
si se van repitiendo con frecuencia, aunque entre
medias se recupere totalmente.
También se sospecha si se nota relación clara entre
tocar, respirar o comer alguna sustancia sospechosa y
la aparición de los síntomas.
Aunque no haya ninguna sospecha, si los síntomas
son intensos, o frecuentes, o duraderos, o se presenta
alguna complicación, o si los síntomas limitan las
actividades y disminuyen la calidad de vida, también
debe hacerse un estudio de alergia.

¿Qué sustancias (alergenos) se estudian
habitualmente?
Las sustancias que pueden causar alergia se llaman
alergenos. Cuando se realiza un estudio de alergia se
comprueba si se está sensibilizado frente a los
alergenos más frecuentes, que varían según la
enfermedad que se padezca, según la edad, según la
zona de residencia.
Además de los alergenos frecuentes, también se
estudian otros menos frecuentes, según los lugares y
ambientes a los que el paciente acuda con más
frecuencia, aunque parezca que no causan síntomas,
y otros alergenos si el paciente o su familia han
observado en algún momento alguna reacción
sospechosa.
¿Cómo se estudia una posible alergia?
Se utilizan las pruebas en piel, se realizan análisis de
sangre de IgE total o IgE específica, se ponen parches
en la piel, se realizan pruebas de función respiratoria,
o se hacen pruebas de exposición, de provocación o
tolerancia. Según los datos de cada paciente se hacen
unas pruebas u otras, y el especialista las interpreta
para decidir el diagnóstico y el tratamiento más
adecuado.
¿Cuándo se repiten las pruebas y análisis?
Depende de cada paciente, de si los resultados son
normales, anormales o dudosos, fuertes o débiles, de
los síntomas que tenga, etc. En algunas personas se

repiten cada año, en otras cada dos o tres años o más,
y en algunas personas se hacen una sola vez en la
vida.

Pruebas en piel

¿Para qué se usan?
Las pruebas cutáneas se usan para averiguar si el
paciente tiene IgE específica frente al alergeno
probado; las personas sin alergia no tienen IgE frente
a ese alergeno. Si el paciente tiene IgE se dice que la
prueba es positiva y que el paciente está sensibilizado.
Si no da reacción, se dice que la prueba es negativa,
que el paciente no le tiene alergia a ese alergeno.
¿En qué consisten?
Las pruebas en piel se realizan habitualmente en el
brazo. Las más utilizadas se llaman “prick tests”. Se
pone una gota de líquido con el alergeno sospechoso,
y se punciona la piel a través de la gota con una
lanceta cuya punta mide un milímetro. El alergeno
penetra en la piel, y si se tiene alergia, al cabo de unos
15-20 minutos se forma una pápula, un abultamiento
de la piel con enrojecimiento. Para ser considerada
alergia, la pápula ha de alcanzar un tamaño

determinado, que habitualmente es de unos 3
milímetros de ancho.
¿Qué son el suero y la histamina?
Se ponen siempre dos pruebas de control o testigos.
Estas pruebas son con suero salino y con histamina.
La prueba del suero no tiene que dar reacción (prueba
negativa), y la de histamina sí que tiene que dar una
pápula (prueba positiva). Si no es así, las pruebas no
son válidas.
Si el suero da reacción puede deberse a que el
paciente tiene una piel excesivamente sensible (esto
se llama dermografismo), frente a estímulos como el
propio pinchazo, y si las sustancia probadas dan
reacción no puede determinarse que realmente sea
por alergia sino por esa sensibilidad. Este resultado se
llama falso positivo.
La histamina da reacción en la piel de todas las
personas, tengan o no alergia. Si la histamina no da
reacción es que la piel no está respondiendo bien, y
puede que tampoco responda frente a las sustancias
que le causen alergia. Este resultado se llama falso
negativo. Esto suele deberse principalmente a que el
paciente esté tomando alguna medicación.
¿Los medicamentos influyen en las pruebas?
Algunos medicamentos pueden alterar las pruebas y
hacer que no sean fiables. Los principales
medicamentos que las alteran son los antihistamínicos,
que se usan para la alergia, catarros, picores,

síntomas gripales, el mareo, para dormir, etc. Hay que
intentar evitarlos desde siete días antes. En otro
documento de esta web se muestran medicamentos
que alteran las pruebas.
Cuando vayan a hacerle pruebas dígale al especialista
todos los medicamentos que está tomando.
¿Son dolorosas las pruebas?
Estas pruebas pueden doler algo, aunque los niños
suelen llorar más por el miedo que por el propio dolor.
Hay niños muy pequeños que no se quejan nada en
absoluto.
Hace años se hacían las pruebas por
intradermoreacción. En esta manera se inyectaba el
alergeno en la piel con jeringuillas, como se hace
actualmente con la prueba de la tuberculina, y eran
bastante más dolorosas. Hoy en día también se usa la
intradermoreacción, aunque con menos frecuencia.
¿A qué edad pueden hacerse?
A cualquier edad, incluso en niños de un mes de edad.
Hay una falsa creencia de que no pueden hacerse
hasta los tres años o más. Esto no es cierto, se
pueden hacer a cualquier edad, y se deben hacer
cuando haya alguna sospecha justificada.
¿Cuántas pruebas se hacen?
El número de pruebas se decide individualmente para
cada paciente según el motivo de consulta y las

sospechas que se tengan. Pueden variar desde tres
hasta varias docenas.
¿Qué sustancias se estudian en las pruebas?
Las pruebas no son “automáticas”, sino individuales.
Es decir, no se hacen pruebas y automáticamente dan
el resultado de todas las cosas a las que se tiene
alergia. Se estudia cada alergeno de forma individual:
si se quiere saber si se tiene alergia a una cosa, se
hace una prueba; si se quiere saber si se tiene alergia
a dos cosas, se hacen dos pruebas, etc. Si se quiere
saber si se tiene alergia a mil cosas, habría que hacer
mil pruebas.
Como esto no es posible, se estudian los alergenos
habituales, y otros fuera de lo habitual si hay alguna
sospecha concreta; esas sospechas concretas deben
comunicárselas al especialista antes de realizar las
pruebas. Si no las comunica, lo más probable es que
no se le prueben.
Como ejemplo, después de hacerle pruebas no le
pregunte al especialista si le ha salido alergia a la
berenjena o al calabacín, porque no se lo habrán
estudiado si previamente no ha dicho sus sospechas.
¿Cómo se valoran las pruebas de piel?
Se valora el tamaño de la pápula, del abultamiento. Se
valora tanto la anchura por sí misma como
comparándola con la histamina. Se suele exigir una
anchura mínima de tres milímetros. El tamaño varía

desde apenas perceptible a 2 ó 3 centímetros, con
formas muy irregulares.
¿Las pruebas fuertes coinciden con síntomas
intensos?
No siempre coinciden. Puede haber variaciones y
desacuerdo entre los resultados de la piel y los
síntomas, de manera que algunas personas con
pruebas grandes tienen pocos síntomas o incluso
ninguno y, viceversa, personas con pruebas poco
importantes pueden padecer síntomas intensos y
frecuentes.

admin

30.952 comentarios sobre “Como se estudian las enfermedades alergicas.”

  1. Pamala dice:

    The other day, while I was at work, my sister stole my iphone and
    tested to see if it can survive a 40 foot drop, just so
    she can be a youtube sensation. My apple ipad is now destroyed
    and she has 83 views. I know this is completely off topic but I
    had to share it with someone!

  2. possy888 dice:

    Hi there i am kavin, its my first time to commenting anyplace,
    when i read this article i thought i could also make
    comment due to this brilliant paragraph.

    Feel free to surf to my web site; possy888

  3. cara masuk id test love138 dice:

    With havin so much content and articles do you ever run into any
    issues of plagorism or copyright infringement? My blog has a lot of completely
    unique content I’ve either authored myself or outsourced but it appears a lot of it is popping it up all over the web without my authorization. Do you
    know any ways to help protect against content from being stolen? I’d definitely
    appreciate it.

    My blog post; cara masuk id test love138

  6. Lynne dice:

    This website was… how do I say it? Relevant!! Finally
    I’ve found something that helped me. Cheers!

    Also visit my web site playboy2 test id – Lynne,

  9. 918Kiss Ios download dice:

    I’ve been surfing online more than 4 hours today, yet I never found any
    interesting article like yours. It is pretty worth enough for me.
    Personally, if all website owners and bloggers
    made good content as you did, the internet will be a lot more useful
    than ever before.

    My web site … 918Kiss Ios download

  11. 918kiss-m.com dice:

    What i do not realize is if truth be told how you are not actually
    much more neatly-appreciated than you might be right now.
    You’re so intelligent. You already know therefore significantly in the case of
    this subject, made me in my view imagine it from a lot of numerous angles.
    Its like men and women don’t seem to be interested unless it’s one thing to
    do with Woman gaga! Your individual stuffs excellent.
    All the time take care of it up!

    my website :: sky777 android download (918kiss-m.com)

  12. boogtime.com dice:

    Does your site have a contact page? I’m having
    a tough time locating it but, I’d like to shoot you an e-mail.
    I’ve got some creative ideas for your blog you might be interested in hearing.
    Either way, great website and I look forward to seeing it grow over time.

    my webpage; boogtime.com

  15. club suncity kiosk download dice:

    Great goods from you, man. I’ve have in mind your stuff prior to and you are simply extremely
    wonderful. I actually like what you have obtained right here, certainly like what you are saying and the way in which
    wherein you assert it. You’re making it enjoyable and you continue to care for to keep it smart.
    I cant wait to learn far more from you. This is actually a great web site.

    my web-site :: club suncity kiosk download

  16. Naomi dice:

    Spot on with this write-up, I absolutely feel this site needs far more
    attention. I’ll probably be returning to read more, thanks for the information!

    My website: game ntc33 online (Naomi)

  18. 1 epicwin dice:

    Valuable information. Fortunate me I found your
    website unintentionally, and I’m shocked why this coincidence didn’t
    took place earlier! I bookmarked it.

    Feel free to visit my blog :: 1 epicwin

  21. 918kiss-m.com dice:

    I’d like to thank you for the efforts you have put in writing this blog.
    I am hoping to check out the same high-grade
    blog posts from you later on as well. In truth, your creative writing abilities has inspired me to get my own website now 😉

    Feel free to visit my site; calibet website (918kiss-m.com)

  23. rollex11 android download dice:

    You’re so interesting! I don’t think I’ve truly read something like that before.
    So good to find somebody with some original thoughts on this topic.

    Seriously.. thanks for starting this up.
    This website is something that is needed on the web, someone with some originality!

    Here is my page – rollex11 android download

  26. rantsforchange.ca dice:

    Hello, Neat post. There’s a problem along with your site in internet explorer, could test this?
    IE still is the market leader and a large portion of folks will pass over your fantastic writing due to this problem.

    Also visit my blog :: rantsforchange.ca

  27. Mckinley dice:

    Whats up are using WordPress for your site platform? I’m
    new to the blog world but I’m trying to get started
    and create my own. Do you require any html coding expertise to make your own blog?
    Any help would be really appreciated!

  33. www.digitalnomadads.com dice:

    Hello there I am so excited I found your webpage,
    I really found you by error, while I was researching on Google for something else, Anyhow
    I am here now and would just like to say kudos for a fantastic post and a all round exciting
    blog (I also love the theme/design), I don’t
    have time to browse it all at the moment but
    I have book-marked it and also added in your RSS feeds,
    so when I have time I will be back to read more, Please do keep up
    the awesome job.

    Also visit my site … //www.digitalnomadads.com

  34. www.leadclub.net dice:

    Undeniably believe that which you stated. Your favorite reason seemed to be on the web the simplest thing to be
    aware of. I say to you, I definitely get irked while people think about worries that they just don’t know about.

    You managed to hit the nail upon the top as well as defined out the whole thing without having side-effects , people could take a signal.

    Will probably be back to get more. Thanks

    Also visit my blog; //www.leadclub.net

  35. //www.payfirstsolutions.com/UserProfile/tabid/57/userId/80597/Default.aspx dice:

    You really make it seem so easy with your presentation however I to find this topic to be actually one thing that
    I believe I’d by no means understand. It kind of
    feels too complicated and very wide for me. I’m taking
    a look forward to your next put up, I will try to get the
    grasp of it!

    Feel free to visit my site //www.payfirstsolutions.com/UserProfile/tabid/57/userId/80597/Default.aspx

  37. //www.funkyfreeads.com/user/profile/444809 dice:

    What i do not understood is in truth how you are not really a lot more smartly-appreciated than you might be right now.

    You are so intelligent. You understand therefore considerably with regards to this matter, made me individually consider it
    from a lot of numerous angles. Its like men and women don’t seem to be fascinated unless it is something to do
    with Lady gaga! Your individual stuffs outstanding.
    At all times handle it up!

    Also visit my website: //www.funkyfreeads.com/user/profile/444809

  49. www.shltaxi.com dice:

    This is very interesting, You are an overly professional blogger.
    I’ve joined your feed and look ahead to in quest of more of
    your excellent post. Additionally, I’ve shared your web site in my social networks!

    Also visit my blog … //www.shltaxi.com

  58. Alexandria dice:

    I do not even understand how I stopped up here, but I believed this put up was once great.
    I don’t realize who you’re but certainly you are going to a well-known blogger in the event you are not already.

    Cheers!

    Feel free to visit my homepage :: Alexandria

  60. Sadye dice:

    Wow, wonderful blog layout! How long have you been blogging
    for? you make blogging look easy. The overall look of your website is wonderful, as
    well as the content!

    Also visit my web blog: Sadye

  79. jnuacsf.org dice:

    I just could not depart your web site before suggesting that I actually enjoyed the standard info a person provide for your visitors?
    Is going to be back often in order to investigate cross-check new posts

    Here is my page … jnuacsf.org

  97. Andy dice:

    This is a great tip especially to those fresh to the blogosphere.
    Brief but very precise info? Thanks for sharing this one.
    A must read post!

    my webpage: Andy

  100. www.vsoftlift.us dice:

    Hello There. I found your blog using msn. This is a very well written article.
    I’ll make sure to bookmark it and come back to read more of your useful information. Thanks for
    the post. I will certainly return.

    Here is my web page – //www.vsoftlift.us

  102. //triumcordium.com/ dice:

    I would like to thank you for the efforts you’ve put in writing this website.
    I’m hoping the same high-grade website post from you in the
    upcoming as well. Actually your creative writing abilities has inspired me to get my own blog now.

    Really the blogging is spreading its wings quickly.
    Your write up is a good example of it.

    My website :: //triumcordium.com/

  103. www.helpformommies.com dice:

    Does your blog have a contact page? I’m having trouble locating
    it but, I’d like to send you an email. I’ve got some recommendations for
    your blog you might be interested in hearing. Either way, great site and I look forward to seeing it develop
    over time.

    Here is my web page – //www.helpformommies.com

  104. //endurancefam.com/forum/profile/poidevinavery/ dice:

    Great items from you, man. I’ve consider your stuff prior to and you’re simply extremely wonderful.

    I really like what you’ve obtained here, certainly
    like what you are stating and the best way in which you
    say it. You are making it enjoyable and you continue
    to take care of to stay it smart. I cant wait to learn far more from
    you. This is actually a tremendous site.

    Feel free to surf to my site; //endurancefam.com/forum/profile/poidevinavery/

  107. //sheriffptacentral.co.za/smf/index.php?action=profile;u=26007 dice:

    Thank you for your entire labor on this web site.
    My mum takes pleasure in conducting internet research and
    it’s obvious why. Most of us notice all about
    the powerful means you render reliable items on this web
    site and in addition invigorate contribution from website visitors on the area then our child is without question being taught a
    whole lot. Have fun with the rest of the new year.
    You are always carrying out a very good job.[X-N-E-W-L-I-N-S-P-I-N-X]I am really inspired along with your writing
    abilities as smartly as with the layout for your weblog.
    Is that this a paid subject or did you modify it yourself?

    Either way keep up the excellent quality writing,
    it is rare to peer a nice weblog like this one today.

    My homepage – //sheriffptacentral.co.za/smf/index.php?action=profile;u=26007

  108. Rhoda dice:

    Hello, I do think your site might be having web browser compatibility problems.

    Whenever I look at your site in Safari, it looks fine however,
    when opening in IE, it has some overlapping issues.
    I merely wanted to provide you with a quick heads up!
    Other than that, wonderful site!

  110. //www.freeglobalclassifiedads.com dice:

    I enjoy you because of all of the efforts on this blog. My mum enjoys participating in research and it’s simple to grasp
    why. My spouse and i know all concerning the powerful mode you render insightful ideas via
    the website and in addition strongly encourage participation from
    other individuals on this topic then my girl has been discovering a lot.

    Enjoy the remaining portion of the new year. You
    have been performing a wonderful job.[X-N-E-W-L-I-N-S-P-I-N-X]I’m really impressed together
    with your writing skills and also with the format on your weblog.
    Is this a paid topic or did you customize it yourself? Anyway stay up
    the nice high quality writing, it’s rare to peer a great blog like this one
    nowadays.

    Here is my website – //www.freeglobalclassifiedads.com

  111. mintjasia.com dice:

    Have you ever considered publishing an e-book or guest authoring on other websites?
    I have a blog centered on the same subjects you discuss and would love to have you share some stories/information. I know
    my viewers would value your work. If you’re even remotely interested,
    feel free to shoot me an e mail.

    Also visit my homepage … mintjasia.com

  113. www.usafreeclassifieds.org dice:

    I would like to thnkx for the efforts you’ve put in writing this blog.
    I am hoping the same high-grade website post from you in the upcoming also.
    In fact your creative writing skills has encouraged me to get my own website now.
    Really the blogging is spreading its wings rapidly. Your write up is a great example of it.

    My web site – //www.usafreeclassifieds.org

  116. Jenifer dice:

    Hello, this weekend is pleasant designed for me, as this
    time i am reading this enormous informative
    post here at my residence.

  473. TAKipçi SATIN AL dice:

    TAKipçi SATIN AL
    Organik takipçi satın al işlemi ile instagram sayfalarınızı büyütebilirsiniz.
    Bunun için size sunulan instagram takipçi satın al seçeneklerini incelemenizi tavsiye ederiz.
    Seçenekler arasında Türk takipçi veya instagram düşmeyen takipçi satın al imkanı mevcuttur.

    Sayfanızı büyütebilmek için en iyi seçenek TAKipçi SATIN AL
    işlemidir.

  530. Pingback: tadalafil dose

  642. Dale Sardella dice:

    I’ll right away seize your rss as I can not find your e-mail subscription hyperlink
    or newsletter service. Do you’ve any? Kindly allow me recognise
    in order that I may subscribe. Thanks.

  645. Mark Virnig dice:

    Its like you read my mind! You seem to know a lot about this, like you
    wrote the book in it or something. I think that you could do with some pics to drive the message home a little bit, but other than that, this is magnificent blog.
    An excellent read. I’ll certainly be back.

  647. Robin Sanchez dice:

    It’s appropriate time to make some plans for the future and it’s time to be happy.
    I’ve read this post and if I could I want to suggest you some interesting things or
    advice. Maybe you can write next articles referring to this article.
    I wish to read more things about it!

  649. Tiffany Stroughter dice:

    I’ve been browsing online more than 4 hours today,
    yet I never found any interesting article like yours.
    It is pretty worth enough for me. In my view, if all webmasters and bloggers made
    good content as you did, the net will be a lot more useful than ever before.

  652. Betty Roorda dice:

    It is the best time to make some plans for the future and it’s time to be happy.

    I have read this post and if I could I wish to suggest you few interesting things or tips.
    Perhaps you could write next articles referring to this article.

    I want to read even more things about it!

  654. William Goodale dice:

    I have been browsing online greater than 3 hours these days, yet I by no means found any interesting article like
    yours. It is lovely worth enough for me. In my view, if all site owners and bloggers made
    excellent content as you probably did, the internet will be much more helpful than ever before.